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♥ Albinism in Horses
Thursday, 18 October 2012 @ 10:50 Albinism occurs in a lot of animals; mammals, reptile,
birds, it even affects humans. As of yet, though, there have been no reported
cases of albinism in horses. Many people think and even speak with confidence about
owning or seeing an albino horse – but albinism has never been reported by any
stud farm, there are NO true albinos! This article sets out to explore why
that may be and exactly what these people are mistaking for albinos.
The definition of albino is:
A person or animal having a congenital absence of
pigment in the skin and hair (which are white) and the eyes (typically pink).
Baring this in mind, I will explain why there are no true
albino horses.
Basic horse genetics
A good place to start is with the basic colour genetics of
horses. Understanding the foundations of coat colour genetics is important for
understanding the coat colours people mistake for albinos.
The very basic colour genetics start with base colours;
these are the colours black and chestnut. Dilution genes are added to create new
colours. The most common dilution gene in horses in the Agouti gene which
causes the bay colouring on a horse with a black base colour.
Bay - Caused
by the Agouti gene, which restricts the black pigment to the legs, mane and
tail.
Brown – Caused by a form of the Agouti gene which restricts the black pigment to soft areas of the body (sometimes called seal brown or tan)
Grey
Most commonly seen “white” horses are usually greys. They
differ from real white horses in many ways.
Grey horses are born any ordinary colour (bay, black,
chestnut etc.) Gradually over time they will “grey out” which is where more and
more grey hairs appear in the coat, some grey horses get to a point where they
look almost brilliant white, others will form dapples, or stay a steel grey
colour for the majority of its life, and some older horses can form flicks of
colour called “flea bitten grey”. The occurrence of “greying out” varies from
horse to horse, some horses start to grey out at a young age of around 3 or 4
months old and some will show no signs of grey until several years later.
Grey horses which look brilliant white can be told apart
from white horses by their skin colour. Because grey horses are born a darker
colour they have darker skin (usually black or dark grey skin), these are noticeable
around areas where the coat is thin, such as around the eyes, in the ears and the
muzzle. Grey horses usually have brown eyes.
Extreme
or Maximum Sabino
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Base colour
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One cream dilute
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Double dilute
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Chestnut
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Palomino
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Cremello
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Black
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Smokey Black
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Smokey Cream
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Bay
(Agouti dilute)
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Buck skin
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Perlino
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